Myopic degeneration commonly occurs during young adulthood with a gradual decrease in central vision. Vision can decrease more abruptly, but typically vision loss is gradual. Although central vision may be lost, side (peripheral) vision usually remains unaffected. Remaining sight can still be very useful and with the help of low-vision optical devices, people can continue many of their normal activities.

The causes of myopic degeneration are not clearly understood but may include biomechanical abnormalities or hereditary factors. The biomechanical theory assumes that the retina, in a myopic eye, is stretched over a larger than normal area because the eye is longer than usual. Over time, the outer coat of the eye, known as the sclera, also stretches in response to forces like internal eye pressure. This stretching of the sclera is thought to lead to retinal degeneration. In the hereditary theory, the retinal changes are thought to be an unavoidable, inherited process.

The only treatment for myopic degeneration is surgery to reinforce the scleral wall. This has been performed with varying degrees of success.